[The index has been included verbatim from the original book. Although the page numbers have no meaning here, it was felt the subjects noted are useful as a reference. The original chapter page numbers are listed below to facilitate cross-referencing --ratitor]

   Acknowledgments                                    vi
   Preface                                           vii
 1 The "Secret Team" -- the Real Power Structure       2
 2 The Nature of Secret Team Activity                 22
 3 An Overview of the CIA                             54
 4 From Law to Interpretation                         94
 5 "Defense" as a National Military Philosophy       121
 6 "It Shall Be the Duty of the Agency . . ."        140
 7 The Nature of Clandestine Operations              159
 8 "The Cover Story" Intelligence Agency             180
 9 The Coincidence of Crises                         201
10 Dulles-Jackson-Correa Report in Action            224
11 The Dulles Era Begins                             244
12 Personnel:  The Chameleon Game                    266
13 Communications: The Web of the World              281
14 Transportation: Anywhere in the World -- Now      294
15 Logistics by Miracle                              303
16 Cold War:  The Pyrrhic Gambit                     314
17 Mission Astray, Soviet Gamesmanship               328
18 Defense, Containment, and Anti-Communism          337
19 The New Doctrine: . . .                           355
20 Khrushchev's Challenge:  The U-2 Dilemma          371
21 Time of Covert Action:  U-2 to Kennedy Inaugural  381
22 Camelot:  From the Bay of Pigs to Dallas, Texas   391
23 Five Presidents:  "Nightmares We Inherited"       417
   App. I: Definition of Special Operations          427
   App. II: Powers and Duties of the CIA             428
   App. III: Training Under Mutual Sec Prog          442
   Bibliography                                      481


Acheson, Dean, 200
Advisory functions of CIA, 140-47
Aerial reconnaissance, 151-53, 307-308
Africa, CIA bases in, 271
Air America, 174-75, 232, 280, 297-303
Air Defense Command (New York & Colorado), 162, 219-20
  intelligence and, 168-69
Air Division (DD/P; CIA), 161-64
Air Force, U.S., 40-41, 72, 145
  aerial reconnaissance of, 15254, 307-308
  airlift of munitions for CIA by, 90, 161
  B-29, 205
  B-36 controversy and, 107108
  B-52 use of, 67-68, 162
  CIA and, 232, 262-63
  CIA Indonesia coup and, 140, 324
  as a member of intelligence community, 141
  P2V-7 aircraft and, 316-19
  placed under DOD (1947), 127
  Special Air Warfare squadrons of, 77, 138
  U-2 affair and, 260-61
Air Laos, 173
Air Operations (CIA), 316-18
Air Resupply and Communications (Air Force; ARC Wings), 
    161, 165, 221
  CIA and, 247, 248, 311, 314
Air warfare, 122-23
Aircraft, use of in CIA coup d'etat, 8748
Airlines of CIA, 271
Air America, 174-75, 232, 280, 297-303
  CAT, 232, 299
Alexander, Field Marshal Harold, 304
Algeria, 351
Aliens, illegal, CIA and, 277-78
Alsop, Joseph, 14, 182
Ambassadors, 143, 399-400 
  CIA activities and, 88-89, 100-101, 118, 166 
  Military Aid Program and, 145 
  role in CIA communications of, 285-86
Ambassador's Journal (Galbraith), 100
American Legion, 45
Amory, Bob, 201
Analysis Branch (OSS), 64
Anderson, Jack, 26
Anderson Papers (1971-72), 75-76
Anti-Communism, 2-3 
  counterinsurgency and, 119 
  creation of a coordinated central intelligence 
    agency and 125-27, 202-207 
  expansion of CIA authority and, 136-38 
  "peacetime operations" of CIA and, 142-44 
  in Vietnam, 193 
  See also Communism; Cold War; Counterinsurgency
Anti-guerrilla warfare support, 87
Appropriations of CIA, 277
Arab-Israeli War (1956), 348
Arango, Aureliano Sanchez, 45
Armed Forces, see Military, the
Armed Forces Staff College 214-15
Armored Forces, 122
Army, U.S., 144 
  CIA and, 232 
  CIA Indonesia coup and, 140 
  counterinsurgency connections with CIA and, 107
  as a member of intelligence community, 141 
  placed under DOD (1947), 127 
  political-social-economic role of, 15, 87, 355-69, 394 
  separation of Air Force and, 72 
  See also Military Assistance Program (MAP); 
    Special Forces
Artime Buesa, Manuel, 45, 47
Arundel, Arthur, 196				
Ashby, W. Ross, 227	
Assistant to the Secretary for Special Operations 
  (Defense Department), 43 405-407	
  description of, i27_28			
Atomic Energy Commission, 141, 202, 226-27
Atomic warfare, 64-65, 123-24
Attorney General, 277


B-17 (bomber), 94-95
B-26 (bomber), 41-42, 48-59, 324, 413
B-29, 205
B-36 (bomber), 107-108
B-47 (bomber), 154
B-52 (bomber), 67-68, 162, 218
Baker, Bobby, 88
Baldwin, Hanson W., 70-71
Bao Dai (Emperor of Vietnam), 58, 60
Barnes, Tracy, 44, 347, 393
Bay of Pigs (Cuba; 1961), 6, 8, 13
  aftermath of, 321-22
  Board of Inquiry on, 104-14, 396
  CIA and, 22-34, 37-52, 103-104
  CIA preparations for, 382, 388-70, 392-93
  Douglas on, 417-18
Bay of Pigs, The (Johnson), 113
Berlin, 67, 370
Berlin Corridor, 153
Big Minh (Duong Van Minh), 7
Binh Dinh province, 360
Bissell, Richard, 50, 106, 116
  as head of IDA, 408
  1959 C-118 affair and, 331
  U-2 project and, 156, 328, 372, 378
Black cargos, 23
Bohanon, Charles, 196
Border flights, development of U-2, 152-57, 260-61, 
  314, 318-19, 320
Boston Globe, 26
Braun, Werner von, 349
British Special Operations Executive (SOE), 62
Budget of CIA, 261, 305-306
Bulgaria, 213, 230
Bundy, McGeorge, 14, 35, 120, 131, 197n, 199
Bundy, William, 11, 120, 347, 414
  as CIA operative, 110, 134-35, 290
  Krulak and, 407
  Pentagon Papers memo (1964) of, 199-200
Bureau of the Budget, 63
Burke, Adm. Arleigh, 40, 105, 414 
  aftermath of Bay of Pigs and, 107, 111
  CIA Indonesia coup and, 140-41, 324
Busby, Fred, 98
Byrd, Senator Harry, 273
Byrnes, James F., 72-74, 123, 125, 201, 203


C-46 (transport), 41-42, 48-49, 271, 299, 413
C-47 (transport), 413
C-54 (transport), 22-24, 41, 271, 413
C-97 (transport), 117
C-118 affair (1959), 328-37
C-119 (transport), 232
C-130 (transport), 144-45
Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 50, 157, 161, 164, 181, 
    198, 332-33
Califano, Joseph, 11, 14
Cam Ranh Bay, 35
Camau (Vietnam), 360
Cambodia, 9, 15, 18, 20, 27, 198 
Can American Democracy Survive the Cold War?
    (Ransom), 131-32
CARE, 54
Carter, General Marshall, 213
Castro, Fidel, 30, 351, 388-89
CAT Airlines, 232, 299
Center for International Studies (MIT), 339
Central Intelligence Agency Act (1949), 187, 275
  personnel and funding and, 274, 275-78, 383
  quoted, 436-38
Central Intelligence Group, 65, 98
Century series planes, 154
Chancellor, John, 423
Chiang Kai-shek, 175, 299
Chief of Naval Operations, 112
Chief White House adviser on foreign affairs, 3
China, CIA flights over, 95, 328
Churchill, Winston, 55, 73-74, 125, 201
"CIA and Decision Making" (Cooper), 190
Civic Action teams of Vietnamese government, 361
Civil Affairs and Military Government Command 
    (CAMG), 215, 217, 357
Civil Affairs School (Fort Gordon, Ga.), 357-60, 362-63, 
    385
Clandestine Intelligence, 57
Clandestine Operations, 57
  nature of CIA, 159-79
Clauswitz, Gen. Karl von, 218
Clifford, Clark, 340-42, 347, 384
Cline, Ray, 201
Coast Guard patrol ships, 413
Cold War, 218-19
  CIA peacetime operations and, 142-44
  CIA use of P2V-7 aircraft and, 314-20
  Indonesia (1958) and, 323-38
  origins of, 74-76
  theory of, 320-23
  See also Anti-communism; Communism
Collection Intelligence, 139, 148
Commander in Chief Pacific Armed Forces (CINCPAC), 
    174, 297, 388
Commissioner of Immigration, 277
Common concern, services of, 158
Communications networks of CIA, 14, 88-89, 261, 281-94
  ambassadors in, 285-86
Communism
  Civil Affairs School class on techniques of Aggression
      on, 358-60
  Cold War and, 321-23
  containment policy and, 337-55
  as excuse for CIA counterinsurgency activities, 90-91, 
      93-94, 230
  post-war responses to, 72-76, 124-27 
  See also Anti-Communism; Cold War; Soviet Union
"Communist Techniques of Aggression" (Civil Affairs 
    School), 358-60
Comptrollership of CIA, 261
Computers, 224
Conein, Lucien, 196
Congo, 67, 100, 102, 117, 388
Constellation (aircraft), 271
Containment policy, 337-55, 384
Continental Air Command, 219
Cooper, Chester L., 190, 195-96, 198-201
Coordination of Intelligence by CIA, 147-48
Coordinator of Information (COI), 54-55, 128
Cordona, Jose Miro, 45, 48
Correa, Mathias F., 147, 181, 200, 208
Correlation of intelligence by CIA, 148-55
Council on Foreign Relations, 190, 195, 197n
Counterinsurgency of CIA, 87-94, 107 
  communism as excuse for, 90-91, 93-94, 230 
  theories advanced under Kennedy of, 104-21, 136-38, 
    396-99
Coup d'etat, 13, 104 
  of Diem (1963), 4-6, 7 
  example of CIA procedures for. 76-94 
  in Guatemala, 41
"Cover," 279-80, 393
Covert operation, 57
Craft of Intelligence, The (Dulles), 17-18, 61, 373
  collection described in, 139
  concept of intelligence in, 66
  whitewash of CIA by, 180, 182-85, 187-89
Craig, Gen. William H., 407
Cuba, 6, 54, 102, 369-70 
  Eisenhower's curtailing of CIA flights and, 381-82 
  See also Bay of Pigs
"Cult of the gun," 2
Current Intelligence Office (CIA), 234-41, 245, 338
Cybernetics, 224


DC-4 (transport), 24, 41
DC-6 (transport), 271, 300
DC-7 (transport), 271
Dalai Lama, 13, 351
Dayan, Moshe, 348-49
Dean, Gen. Fred, 407
Debriefings, 279
Defectors, 216, 277-78
Defense Department (DOD), 10-11, 18 
  CIA and, 43, 60, 130, 210 
  CIA funding and, 187 
  CIA infiltration of, 109, 134, 279 
  counterinsurgency expansion of, 136 
  degradation of role of, 67-68 
  establishment of (1947), 127 
  Indochina involvement and, 196 
  NSAM and, 114-15 
  post-war theory of defense and, 226-28
  transportation networks of, 296
Defense Intelligence Agency, 131, 141 
  rivalry with CIA of, 142
De Gaulle, Charles, 34, 351, 370, 372
Deputy Director of Administration (DD/A; CIA), 27, 231 
  Dulles abolishes, 245, 261
Deputy Director of Intelligence (DD/I; CIA), 27, 147, 
    231 
  Dulles strengthens, 245, 261 
    Amory, Bob, 201
    Cline, Ray, 201
Deputy Director of Plans (DD/P; CIA), 27n, 147, 197, 
    231, 280, 382
  Air Force and, 160-61 
  Dulles strengthens, 245, 261 
  White, L. K. ' Red" as, 246 
  Wisner as, 161, 164
Deputy Director of Support (DD/S; CIA), 27n, 231, 245,
    382 
  logistics and, 246-47
  personnel and, 267-68, 280
Dewey, Thomas E., 182, 208-209, 233
Dickerson, Nancy, 423
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 2, 21, 58-60, 174-75, 390, 411 
  CIA support of, 196 
  death of, 416 
  Lansdale and, 269-70, 389
  1963 coup and, 4-6, 7, 289 
  U.S. support of, 192, 194
Dien Bien Phu, 60, 172, 232, 359
Dillon, Douglas, 370
Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), 14, 42, 65, 
    431-32 
  agent accessibility to, 285-86 CIA, 27, 58 
  under CIA Act (1949), 275-78 
  concept of, 54 
  as head of intelligence community, 141, 146 
  National Intelligence Authority and, 122 
  NSAM # 55 and, 115 
  NSC and, 133-34, 228, 291-92 
  under the Office of the President, 63, 69, 98 
  OPC and, 186, 209 
  Souers as, 70-71
Displaced person, 216
Dissemination of intelligence by CIA, 148-55
DOD, see Defense Department
Dominican Republic, 289
Domino Theory, 198-99
Donovan, Gen. William J., 2, 54, 130, 232n 
  as COI, 54-55, 128 
  Communist "bogey" and, 126, 206-207, 340-42
  as Director of OSS, 56, 61-63, 411 
  National Intelligence Authority and, 65, 69, 70-71
Douglas Aircraft, 300
Douglas, James, 39n, 385-87
Douglas, William O., 417-18, 420
Dulles, Allen Welsh, 29, 60, 212 
  appointment as DCI by Eisenhower, 233-34 
  Bay of Pigs and, 40, 45, 48-51, 104 
  Bay of Pigs aftermath and, 105-13, 396
  CIA infiltration of governmental organizations and, 
    260, 270
  Communist "bogey" and, 126
  containment policy and, 340-42
  Dewey and, 181
  J. Foster Dulles and, 163-64
  duplicity in CIA involvements and, 58, 192-94
  extension of CIA authority and, 99, 129, 136, 138-39,
    291, 337-39
  funding of CIA and, 274
  initial reorganization of CIA by, 244-45, 261
  Kennedy and, 389
  National Intelligence Authority and, 69, 70-71
  news media and, 181
  1959 C-118 affair and, 329, 333
  1960 election and, 327
  NSAM #55 and, 116, 402
  NSAM #57 and, 118-19
  under Smith, 231
  stockpiling by CIA and, 311-12
  Taylor and, 408
  U-2 affair and, 378
  See also Craft of Intelligence (Dulles);
    Dulles-Jackson-Correa report (1949)
Dulles-Jackson-Correa report (1949), 147-48, 241
  cover agencies and, 306
  placing CIA within structure of U.S. government and, 
    259-60
  Smith implementations of, 228-33
  Dulles and, 181, 209-11, 241
  DuPicq, Colonel (France), 320, 346
  DuPuy, Gen. William, 19, 412
Dulles, John Foster, 166, 195, 207, 384
  containment policy and, 340-41
  death of, 351
  Dewey and, 182, 209
  A. W. Dulles and, 163-64
  1956 Suez crisis and, 348-49
  1959 C-118 affair and, 333
  as Sec. of State, 233
  Vietnam involvement and, 192, 194, 196 

 
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 8, 164, 192
  Bay of Pigs and, 38-39, 42, 44-45, 48, 388-90
  CIA stockpiling and, 310-11
  curtails CIA Hights, 381-82
  A. W. Dulles and, 210, 233, 241 
  events leading up to U-2 affair and effects on 1960 
    Summit of, 351-55, 369-71
  Indonesia investigation by, 326-27
  IRBM and, 350 
  Korea and, 232-33
  NSC uses of, 131, 132, 135-36. 291-92
  U-2 affair and, 13, 25, 28-29, 197, 371-80
Electronic Intelligence information (ELINT), 152, 166,
    292
Ellsberg, Daniel, 26, 189
  Cooper and, 198-201
  Lansdale and, 61
  Pentagon Papers and, 191, 195-96
Erskine, Gen. Graves B., 405406, 413
Establishment of CIA (1947), 10, 98-104
  under the law, 431-32
  See also National Security Act
Ethiopia, 271, 328
Evaluation of intelligence by CIA, 148-55
Expenditures of CIA, 277


F-80 (jet fighter), 153-54
F-90 (jet fighter), 153-54
F-94 (jet fighter), 154
Fairways Incorporated, 88
Federal Aviation Administration, 109
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 56, 63, 141
  CIA and, 268
Filipino Operation Brotherhood, 361
Finished intelligence,' 158
Fitzgerald, Desmond, 347
Flame-out," 155
Flexible response," 384
Florida, 382, 387, 388, 389
Flying Tigers, 299
Foreign Affairs, 190, 192, 194-95, 199-200
Formosa, secret CIA bases on, 94-95
Forrestal, James, 132-33, 208
Forrestal, Mike, 14
Fort Bragg, 363, 385
Fort Gulick (Panama), 43
"Fourth Force," 214
France, 74, 171-74
Frost, Adm. Luther H., 140
Funding of CIA, 186-87, 382-83 
  Central Intelligence Act (1949) and, 274, 275-78


Galbraith, John Kenneth, 100, 285
Gates, Thomas, 38, 39n, 405
Geneva Conference (1954), 194
Genghis Khan, 303
Gilpatric, Roswell, 39n
Glennan, Keith, 28-29, 377
Gramont, Sanche de, 98
Greece, 34, 35, 102, 230 
  British evacuate (1947), 202203 
  CIA involvement in, 213 
  MAP in, 355 
  Truman Doctrine and, 125
Green Berets, see Special Forces
Governmental agencies, CIA infiltration of, 109-10, 
    134, 259-60 
  as cover, 280 
  of DOD, 279 
  of Executive Department, 109 
  military and, 268-70
Guatemala, 213, 382, 387, 388, 389 
  CIA base in, 22-23, 26, 29-30 1961 
  coup in, 13, 40-41
Guerrilla and Resistance Branch (OSS), 62


Hagerty, Jim, 381
Halberstam, David, 237
Hammerskjold, Dag, 2, 382
Heintges, Gen. John A., 173, 407
Helicopter forces, 387
Helicopter use in Vietnam, 411-13
Helio Aircraft Corp., 161
Helio courier (L-28), 159-61, 298-99, 413
Helms, Richard, 106, 161
Herter, Christian, 38-39, 351, 370, 376, 379
Hillenkoetter, Adm. Roscoe H., 214, 220, 229-30
Hider, Adolph, 56
Ho Chi Minh Trail, 68
Hoopes, Townsend, 17
Hoover, J. Edgar, 61-63, 389
Houston, Larry, 382
Huks (Philippines), 34, 90, 93
Human Use of Human Beings, The (Weiner), 97
Hungary, 54
Hussein (King of Jordan), 144-45
Hydrogen bomb, 224, 2a6-a7


"Illegal" aliens, CIA and, 277-78 
India, 92, 100
India-China border dispute (1962), 117
India-Pakistani War (1971), 75-76, 100
Indonesia, 21, 34, 102-103, 140-41, 321, 381
  CIA airpower and, 275-76
  Eisenhower curtails involvement in, 8
  1958 CIA involvement in, 323-28
Industry, 2
Information, concept of, 55 56
  intelligence and, 158
Institute for Defense Analysis (IDA), 86, 106, 137, 
    270, 408
Intelligence, information and, 158
Intelligence, U.S. post-war theories of, 65-76
  Cold War and, 74-76
Intelligence community, 141
Intelligence functions of CIA
  coordination and, 147-48
  correlation, evaluation, dissemination and, 148-55
Intelligence operations, 57
Intelligence Review Committee (1948), 208
Intelligence vs. secret operations in CIA, 54-64, 
    94-97, 98-104
Inter-American Police Academy, 394
Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBM), 322, 
    349-50
International Jaycees, 361
Investment houses, 2
Invisible Government, The (Wise and Ross), 21, 30
Iran, 13, 67, 213, 221, 230, 271, 328 
  MAP in, 355
Italy, 74


Jackson, William H., 147-48, 181-82, 200, 208 
  Smith and, 231, 233
Jakarta, 140, 324
Japan, 64, 232
JCS, see Joint Chiefs of Staff
Johnson, Haynes, 113
Johnson, Kelly, 154
Johnson, Louis, 132, 186-87, 210, 265
Johnson, Lyndon B., 4, 7, 191 
  CIA and, 420-21 
  involvement in Vietnam and, 13, 17, 19, 196, 198-99 
  NSC and, 179
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 5, 9, 11, 15, 30 
  briefing procedure of, 257-58 
  Burke and, 111-12 CIA 
  Cuban involvement and, 37-39, 44, 106-107, 110-13, 178 
  establishment of (1947), 127 
  IDA and, 106, 137
  Indochina involvement and, 193, 414 
  National Intelligence Authority and, 65, 71 
  NSAM #55 and, 115, 119, 401-402, 415 
  nuclear weapons and, 214-15 
  Pentagon Papers and, 290 
  Special Operations under, 406 
  Taylor and, 110-11 
  See also Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and 
    Special Activities; Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D.
Jones, Jesse, 383
Jordan, Kingdom of, 144-46, 271
Junior Officer Training Program (CIA), 268-69
Jupiter missile, 322, 349


Kasavubu, Joseph, 388
Katanga province (Congo; 1962), 117, 388
Keating, Kenneth, 100
Kennan, George F., 201, 340-41
Kennedy, John F., 54, 389-90
  advance of CIA counterinsurgency
  theories under, 104-21, 136-38, 396-99
  Bay of Pigs and, 13, 38-39, 44-46, 378
  CIA briefings before 1960 election of, 45-46, 327
  Cuba stand of, 389
  death of, 2, 416, 417
  1963 Diem coup and, 4-7
  NSC use of, 132, 136-37, 179, 183-84, 292, 392
  history of CIA under, 390-416
  Vietnam involvement and, 16, 198, 400-416
  See also Cuba
Kennedy, Robert F., 2, 17, 105, 120, 326
  Bay of Pigs aftermath and, 116, 396
  A. W. Dulles and, 106-107, 113-14, 183-84
Kent, Sherman, 200-201
Khamba tribesmen (Tibet), 294-95
Khanh, Gen. Nguyen, 7
Khrushchev, Nikita, 66, 107, 349
  Kennedy and, 397
  1960 Summit and, 351-52, 369-71
  U-2 affair and, 25, 29, 371-80
King, Col. J. C., 47
King, Martin Luther, 2, 420
Kirkpatrick, Lyman, 128, 129, 179, 180-81, 184
  on Current Intelligence Office, 234-40
  on Dulles-Jackson-Correa report, 211
  on early CIA, 205, 212
Kissinger, Henry, 69, 75-76, 100 131, 197n
"Kitchen Debate" (1959), 351
Knebel, Fletcher, 116
Kong Le, 366
Korea, 21, 355
Korean War (1950-53), 205, 213, 221-22, 228, 230, 232
Krulak, Gen. Victor H., 9, 11-12, 16, 19
  as Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and 
    Special Activities, 120, 135, 401
Ky, Nguyen Cao, 174, 269, 365


L-28 (Hello "Courier"), 159-61, 298-99, 413
Laird, Melvin, 149-50, 308-309
Lansdale, Gen. Edward, 347, 411, 412, 443
  as CIA operative, 134-35, 290, 414
  Ellsberg, Pentagon Papers and, 61, 195-96, 197
  Krulak and, 407
  McNamara and, 11, 197, 199, 406
  Magsaysay support by, 107, 288
  Vietnam, Diem and, 59-60, 174, 193, 194, 269-70, 389
Laos, 13, 15-16, 18, 21, 67, 382
  airlifts to 271
  covert raids on, 27
  Eisenhower's curtailing of CIA flights and, 8
  French discovery of CIA involvement in, 171-74
  use of Helio "Courier" in 298-99
  McNamara and, 9, 20
  Meo tribesmen of, 256, 387, 404
  Pathet Lao, 172, 366, 387
  Special Forces in, 387
  Thailand border patrols and, 269
Leafleting drops of communist countries, 152, 314
Leahy, Adm. William D., 62, 70
Lee, Gen. J. C. H., 304
Legislative Branch Appropriations Act (1933), 187
Lemay, Gen. Curtis, 414
Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 38-40, 111-12, 258, 414 
  NSAM #55 and #57 and, 119-20, 401-403, 415 
  succeeded by Taylor in JCS, 350 
Lilienthal, David E., 202 
Lindbergh, Charles A., 123 
Lloyd, Selwyn, 348-49 
Loan, Gen. Nguyen Ngoc, 366 
Lockheed Corporation, 153-54, 260-61, 316, 373 
  CIA and, 318-19 
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 5, 213 
Logistics systems of CIA, 90-92, 161, 246-65, 303-12 
Lovett, Robert, 201


M-16 rifle, 263-64, 413 
MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 56, 61-63, 71, 180, 232, 410-11 
Macmillan, Harold, 370, 372 
McCarthy, Joseph, 126, 229 
McCarthyism, 126, 229 
McClelland, Gen. Harold, 286 
McCone, John, 17, 241, 347 
McConnell, Murray, 231 
McCord, James, 336 
McCormick, Col. Alfred, 71, 122 
McElroy, Neil, 333, 350, 405 
McGoon, "Earthquake," 298 
McGrory, Mary, 410, 415 
McNamara, Robert S., 4, 17, 119-20, 198-99, 239, 389, 
    414 
  abolishes Defense Special Operations office, 405-406 
  Bay of Pigs and, 38-39 
  briefings of, 240, 347 
  Bundy and, 110, 135 
  McNamara-Taylor Vietnam report (1963), 5-7, 19, 416 
  McNamara Vietnam report (1963), 8-15 
  NSAM #55 and, 402 
  on "Steps to Change the Trend of the War" (1964), 
    19-20 
McNaughton, John T., 11 
Magsaysay, Ramon, 21, 34, 59-60, 84, 90 
  Lansdale, General and, 107 
Malinovsky, Marshal Rodion Y., 371
Manhattan Project, 64
Mansfield, Senator Mike, 6, 248, 407, 410, 415		
Marines, 35		
Marshall, Gen. George C., 203, 213
Marshall Plan (1947), 74, 203, 344
Massed rapid-fire weapons, 122
Matsu, 351
Medaris, Gen. John B., 107
Meo tribesmen (Laos), 256, 387, 404
Mexico, 22-26
Milbraith, Lester, 195
Military, the, 63, 204-205
  CIA and, 18, 175-76, 214-23, 268-70
  CIA and under CIA Act (1949), 275-78
  CIA use of military bases, 272-75
  postwar defensive posture of, 127
  See also Air Force, U.S.i Army, U.S.; Navy, U.S.
Military Advisory and Assistance Group (MAAG), 246, 
    272, 274, 395
  CIA and, 356, 358, 361
  in Southeast Asia, 6-7
Military Airlift Command (MAC), 274
Military Air Transport Service, 274
Military Assistance Program (MAP), 43, 145, 171, 256,
    344, 394
  development of, 355-69
  P2V-7 aircraft and, 14-15
Military equipment, CIA stockpiling and obtaining, 
    249-53, 310-11
Minh, Gen. Duong Van "Big," 7
Missile gap," 156-57, 322
Mollet, Guy, 348-49
Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard Law, 304
Multi-nationals, 176
Munitions manufacture, Vietnam War and, 411-12
Mutual funds, 2, 52
Mutual Security Act (1951), 355
Mutual Security Program, CIA
  and, 353, 355-71
  article on leadership training under, 445-80
My Lai, 404


Nasser, Gamel Abdul, 348, 351
Nasution, Gen. Abdul Haris, 324-25
Nation building, 394-95
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 
    28-29, 310, 352, 377
National Economy Act (1932), 187, 264-65, 382
"National Intelligence," 158
National Intelligence Authority (1946), 65, 122, 128-29
National Intelligence Estimates (NIE), 190-92, 195-201
National Security Act of 1947, 10, 71
  establishment of CIA and, 98-104, 122-39
  functions of CIA as prescribed by 140-58
  1947 political climate and, 201, 203-204, 224-28
  quoted, 427-34, 438-41
  See also Central Intelligence Act (1949)
National Security Action Memorandum (NSAM)
  #54 (1961) 119
  #55 (1961j, 16, 114-16, 119, 120-21, 401, 415
  #56 (1961), 119
  #57 (1961), 116-19, 121, 401, 402-403, 414-15
National Security Agency (NSA), 2, 141, 281, 286
National Security Council (NSC), 3, 10, 37, 73, 163
  CIA circumvention of authority of, 98-100, 102, 108, 
    128-38, 141, 188-89
  CIA functions as prescribed by law and, 141, 147, 
    148, 158, 175
  Diem and, 59 
  establishment of (1947), 127-28
  Kennedy and, 132, 136-37, 179, 183-84 
  Nixon and, 45, 46
  NSC/2 (1948) and, 98-9
  NSC/ 10 (1948) and, 26-27, 185-86, 208-209, 231, 310 
  OCB and, 127-28, 131, 133, 291-92
  See also Special Groups (NSC)
National sovereignty, 101-102, 137
Navarre, Gen. Henri, 193
Navy, U. S., 111-12, 127, 140-41, 180, 247-48
  intelligence operations of, 56, 61-63, 141
  P2V-7 aircraft and, 314-16, 319
  SEAL-team, 33, 138
"New National Military Program of Flexible Response" 
    (Taylor), 362, 369, 380, 384,
News media, 2, 238-39, 240
New York Times The, 4, 10-11, 26, 44, 65, 70
  Halberstam transfer and, 237-38
  Pentagon Papers of, 58-60
Nhu, Ngo Dinh, 2, 4-5, 7, 60, 198
  death of, 416
Nicaragua, 29, 41-42, 92, 102, 388, 389
Nixon, Richard M., 45-46, 191, 196, 370, 378, 419
  CIA and, 327
  Cuba stand of, 389
  Kitchen Debate (1959), 351
  Vietnam War and, 421-23
Non-nationals, 176
Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 119
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 168-69, 221, 
    355
North Vietnam, 27, 35
Norway, 102, 166-69, 221
Nosavan, Gen. Phoumi
NSA, see National Security Agency
NSC, see National Security Council
Nuclear warfare, 64-65, 124, 202, 224-26	
  CIA, military and effects on 
  strategy and tactics of, 214-23
    
  
O'Donnell, Kenny, 410, 415
Office of Emergency Planning, 127
Office of National Estimates, 191, 193-94
Office of Naval Intelligence, 70
Office of Policy Coordination (OPC; CIA), 186, 209, 
    231-32
Office of President, see President
Office of Psychological Warfare, 152, 217, 2220
Office of Secretary of Defense, 11, 14, 44
Office of Special Operations, 163, 273
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 2, 56, 61-63, 180
  abolished, 98, 128, 202 CIA and, 268
Okinawa, 232, 382
Operation Brotherhood, 361
Operational procedures of CIA, 76-94  
  See also Secret operations
Operations Coordinating Board (NSC), 128, 131, 133, 
    291-92 
  Kennedy and, 392
OPLAN-34 (Southeast Asia), 27, 35
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 202
Organization of America States, 48
OSS, see Office of Strategic Services
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 416


P2V-7 aircraft, CIA use of, 314-20, 323, 328
Pacification, 360-61, 366, 395, 405 
Pakistan, 92, 100, 102, 221
  U-2 affair and, 169
Panama, 29, 41, 382, 387, 388
Paramilitary organizations of CIA, 88
Pathet Lao, 172, 366, 387 
Patton, Gen. George S., 304
"Peacetime" operations of CIA, 57, 142-44, 146
Peers, Gen. William R., 19, 412
Pentagon Papers (1971), 4-21, 54, 117, 135, 147, 407
  CIA clandestine intelligence vs. intelligence 
    operations and, 5741
  military and CIA in, 269
  on overthrow of Diem, 289
  use of "sheep-dipped" by, 172-73
  whitewash of CIA by, 189, 191-201
  Personnel of CIA, 261, 266-80
  See also Governmental agencies, CIA infiltration of
Philippines, 93, 232, 355, 382
  Magsaysay and, 21, 34, 594Q 84, 90
Phillips, Rufus, 196
"Phone-drop" organizations, 256-57
Photography, aerial, 307-308
Polaris missile, 350
Police wars, 394-95
Political-economic-social role of Army, 15, 87, 355-69,
    394
Ponchardier, Adm. Pierre, 348
Pope, Allen, 324-26, 373
Post-war theories of intelligence, 65-76
  Cold War and, 74-76
Powers, Francis Gary, 150, 323, 325, 371, 373, 375-76
President, 29, 103, 127, 130
  CIA under Office of, 63, 69, 98, 130
  Current Intelligence Office and, 234-41
President's Committee to study Training under the 
    Mutual Security Program (1959), 363-68
President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, 435-36
President's Special Committee on Indochina (1954), 193
Pseudo-military business organizations of CIA, 88
PT boats, 413
Publishing houses, 2
Puerifoy, John, 213, 232n
Puerto Cabezas, 41-42, 49-50
Puerto Rico, 29


Quang Ngai province, 360
Quemoy, 351


Rabom, Adm. William F., Jr., 99100, 193
Radford, Adm. Arthur, 60, 107, 411
Radio networks, use of in coup d'etat, 87
Radio Free Europe, 54
Rand Corporation, 86, 156, 270
Ransom, Harry Howe, 131-32, 136
Real CIA, The (Kirkpatrick), 128, 180-81, 234
Reconnaissance 
  aerial, 151-58, 307-308 
  satellite, 150-51, 157, 308-10
Refugees, 216
Research and development by CIA, 261-64
Retirement policies of CIA, 278-79
RF-105 (reconnaissance plane), 473
Richardson, John, 213
Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 304
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 54-55, 61, 128
Ross, Thomas B., 21, 30, 38
Rosson, Gen. William, 19, 196, 347, 412
Rostow, Walt, 8n, 35, 197, 200, 389
Roumania, 213, 230
Rusk, Dean, 14, 17, 199, 402 
  Bundy and, 110, 135
Russell, Senator Richard, 248


Saigon Military Mission (SMM), 194-95
Saltonstall, Senator Leverett, 248
"Salvage," 253-55
Sarit, Marshal Dhanarajta, 174, 269
Satellite reconnaissance, 150-51, 157, 308-10
SEAL-team (Navy), 33, 138
Secret Intelligence, 57
Secret Intelligence Branch (OSS), 64
Secret Intelligence Operations, 57
Secret Operations, 57
  intelligence vs. secret operations in CIA, 54-64, 
    94-97, 98-104 
  nature of CIA, 34-37, 159-79
Secret War, The (Gramont), 98
Secretary of Defense, 106, 115, 127, 133, 137, 140, 163
  OPC and, 186, 209, 231
  Special Forces and, 385-86
  See also Defense Department
Secretary of Navy, 65, 69
Secretary of State, 65, 69, 115
  in NSC, 127, 133
  OPC and, 186, 209, 231
  peacetime planning powers of, 143-44
  See also State Department
Secretary of War, 65, 69
Services of common concern, 158
Sevareid, Eric, 423
"Sheep-dipped," 172-73
Shoup, Gen. David M., 258
Six Crises (Nixon), 45
Smith, Howard K., 423
Smith, Gen. Walter Bedell, 99, 194, 214, 234, 240
  as DCI of CIA, 228-33, 241
Snow, C. P., 424
Sorenson, Theodore, 403n
Souers, Adm. Sidney, 70-71, 99, 122
South Vietnam, 21, 93-94, 101
  See also Vietnam
Souvanna Phouma (Prince of Laos), 269
Sovereignty, national, 101-102, 137
Soviet Union, 64, 124-25, 127
  1959 downing of C-118 by, 328-37
  post-war fears of, 125-27
  See also Communism; U-2 affair
Special Air Warfare squadrons (Air Force), 77, 138
Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and Special 
    Activities (SACSA; JCS), 11, 12, 119-20, 199, 290, 
    388
  CIA and, 410
  creation of, 406-407
  Krulak and, 135, 401, 407-408 
Special Forces (Green Berets), 35, 111, 113-14, 138, 
    409-10
  CIA and, 67, 120, 206, 248, 311, 314, 384-88
  Civil Affairs school of, 363, 369 
  in coup d'etat, 87
  development of, 220-21
Special Forces of Vietnam, 60, 198
Special Groups (NSC), 33, 35, 291-92
  CIA infiltration of, 134
  CI, 119, 137, 409
  5412/2, 42, 109, 119, 133-34, 175
Special Operations, 57
Special personnel of CIA, 261
Special Services, 56-57
Spellman, Francis Cardinal, 60, 107, 411
Spy-in-the-Sky orbital laboratories, 308-10
Stalin, Joseph, 56
State Department, 60, 63-64, 71
  ambassadors communications and, 285
  CIA infiltration of, 109, 134
  degradation of role of, 67-68
  IDA and, 106, 137
  intelligence operations of 122, 141
  Military Aid Program and, 145 
Stevenson, Adlai, 44, 218, 232, 393
Stilwell, Gen. Richard G., 11, 19, 412, 443
Stimson, Henry L., 55, 68
Stockpiling of military equipment by CIA, 249-50, 310-11
Strategic Air Command (SAC), 162, 219-20
"Subversive insurgency," 138, 364, 384
Suez Crisis (1956), 348-49
Sukarno (President of Indonesia), 140, 323
Sumatra, 140


T-28 (trainer craft), 413
T-33 (trainer craft), 49, 51, 154			
Tactical Air Command, 220, 275
Tactics in CIA coup d'etat, 76-94
Taipan, 299
Taiwan, 232, 299-300, 382
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 14, 15-16, 19, 347, 353
  aftermath of Bay of Pigs and, 105, 107-11, 113
  as Focal Point man for Dulles, 131, 134, 407-409
  as head of JCS, 119-20, 410, 414-15
  IRBM, 349-50
  Kennedy, Vietnam involvement and, 197, 198-99, 408, 
    411
  McNamara-Taylor Vietnam report (1963), 5-7, 19, 416
  "New National Program of Flexible Response," 362, 
    369, 380, 384, 396
Thailand, 15, 213, 269, 299, 328
Thieu, Nguyen Van, 174, 269
Thor missile, 322, 349
Tibet, 21, 34, 54, 67, 102
  arming by CIA of, 378-79
  Eisenhower curtailing of CIA flights and, 8, 382
  escape of Dalai Lama from, 13, 351
Timberlake, Clare H., 100
Tolson, Gen., 395, 412
Tonkin Gulf incident (1963), 20-21, 35
Toynbee, Arnold, 28-29, 37, 54
"Training Under the Mutual Security Program" (1959), 
    363-68
Transportation networks of CIA, 294-303
Trujillo, Rafael, 2, 34, 289, 353-54
Truman, Harry S
  appointment of Smith to CIA of, 228-30
  on CIA, 9-10, 37-38, 54, 184-85, 419-20				
  Dulles-Jackson-Correa report (1947), 147, 182, 207-209	
  initial post-war policies of, 123-25, 201
  National Intelligence Authority and, 65; 69-70
  National Security Act (1947) and, 127, 205
  NSC uses of, 131-33, 291
  OSS and, 98
Truman Doctrine (1947), 125-26, 203, 344
Tshombe, Moshe, 117
"TSS" (CIA research division), 306-10, 314, 317
Turkey, 125, 203, 221, 355
Twining, Gen. Nathan, 414


U-2 affair (1960), 25, 103, 169
  development of border flights by CIA and, 152-57, 
    260-61, 318-19, 320
  Eisenhower and, 13, 28-29, 38, 197, 371-80
  Eisenhower, 1960 Summit meeting and, 351-55, 369-71
  photography techniques of, 307-308
Uncertain Trumpet, The (Taylor), 108, 110, 120, 362, 
    369, 384
United Nations, 72
Universities, 2
U.S. Air Forces, Europe (USAFE), 162


Vandenberg, Gen. Hoyt S., 220-21, 222
Vanished (Knebel), 116
Varona, Manuel Antonio de, 45
Vice President, 197
Viet Cong, 8
Vietnam, 67, 103, 213
  CIA involvement in, 232, 271, 400-16
  1945-64 CIA control of, 59-61, 117-18
  Pentagon Papers history of U.S. involvement in, 4-21


War Department, 63-64, 127
Warfare, evolution of, 122-23
  CIA, military, nuclear weapons and, 214-23
Warren Commission report, 419-20
Washington Post, 26 
Weisner, Jerry, 389 
Wheeler, Gen. Earle, 119-20, 347, 406 
White, Col. L. K., 246 
White, Lincoln, 377 
White, Gen. Thomas D., 220, 330, 333 
"White Star" teams, 173-74 
Whitehead, Gen. Ennis C., 219 
Whitewash of CIA, 180-201 
Wiener, Norbert, 97, 224, 226, 227 
  on communications, 282
Willkie, Wendell, 56, 123
Wilson, Charles, 350, 405
Windchy, Eugene, 21
Wire tapping, 281
Wise, David, 21, 30, 38
Wisner, Frank, 161, 163, 209, 326-27
World War I, 122-23
World War II, 123


Ydigoras Fuentes, Miguel, 26, 41
Yugoslavia, 213, 230

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